Īccording to Smithsonian Magazine, "Confederate monuments aren't just heirlooms, the artifacts of a bygone era. These two periods also coincided with the 50th and 100th anniversaries of the Civil War. Most of these were put up either during the Jim Crow era or during the Civil Rights Movement. Numerous private memorials have also been erected.Ĭhart of public symbols of the Confederacy and its leaders as surveyed by the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), by year of establishment. Memorials have been erected on public spaces (including on courthouse grounds) either at public expense or funded by private organizations and donors. History Monument building and dedications States not listed have no known qualifying items for the list. Monuments and memorials are listed below alphabetically by state, and by city within each state. It also does not include post-Civil War white supremacists, such as North Carolina Governor Charles Aycock and Mississippi Governor James K. Calhoun, although Calhoun was venerated by the Confederacy and post-war segregationists, and monuments to Calhoun "have been the most consistent targets" of vandals. Taney, pro-slavery congressman Preston Brooks, North Carolina Chief Justice Thomas Ruffin, or Southern politician John C. This list does not include commemorations of pre-Civil War figures connected with the origins of the Civil War or white supremacy but not directly tied to the Confederacy, such as Supreme Court Justice Roger B. In a December 2018 special report, Smithsonian Magazine stated, "over the past ten years, taxpayers have directed at least $40 million to Confederate monuments-statues, homes, parks, museums, libraries and cemeteries-and to Confederate heritage organizations." (See Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials.) Part of the commemoration of the American Civil War, these symbols include monuments and statues, flags, holidays and other observances, and the names of schools, roads, parks, bridges, buildings, counties, cities, lakes, dams, military bases, and other public structures. Many monuments and memorials have been or are being removed. The following is a list of Confederate monuments and memorials that were established as public displays and symbols of the Confederate States of America (CSA), Confederate leaders, or Confederate soldiers of the American Civil War. In the United States, the public display of Confederate monuments, memorials and symbols has been and continues to be controversial.
18.2 Federal plot within private cemetery.
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